Long-term polarization of alveolar macrophages to a profibrotic phenotype after inhalation exposure to multi-wall carbon nanotubes.

Long-term polarization of alveolar macrophages to a profibrotic phenotype after inhalation exposure to multi-wall carbon nanotubes.

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BACKGROUND:Nanomaterials are widely used in various fields.Although the toxicity of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in pulmonary tissues has been demonstrated, the toxicological effect of CNTs 6-Piece Sectional with Chaise on the immune system in the lung remains unclear.METHODS AND FINDING:In this study, exposure to Taquann-treated multi-walled CNTs (T-CNTs) was performed using aerosols generated in an inhalation chamber.At 12 months after T-CNT exposure, alveolar inflammation with macrophage accumulation and hypertrophy of the alveolar walls were observed.In addition, fibrotic lesions were enhanced by T-CNT exposure.

The macrophages in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of T-CNT-exposed mice were not largely shifted to any particular population, and were a mixed phenotype Dolls Pram with M1 and M2 polarization.Moreover, the alveolar macrophages of T-CNT-exposed mice produced matrix metalloprotinase-12.CONCLUSIONS:These results suggest that T-CNT exposure promoted chronic inflammation and fibrotic lesion formation in profibrotic macrophages for prolonged periods.